Political Science

• Improve your writing skills

                                                                                              • Learn study skills

Book an appointment: 902-867-5221 or online

Visit the Academic Success Centre

Chicago style refers to guidelines developed by the University of Chicago Press for documenting sources cited in a paper. The Chicago style includes guidelines for two different systems of citing sources. The first, most often used by humanities disciplines, uses notes (either footnotes or endnotes) which usually point to entries in a bibliography at the end of the paper. The second, most often used in the physical, natural and social sciences, uses author-date citations in the text of the paper, with corresponding entries in a reference list.

For more information, you can consult the Chicago Manual of Style Online or the print Chicago Manual of Style which is available in the Library Reference collection.

You can also find more information, including examples of citations, in our library Help files.

APA Style refers to guidelines developed by the American Psychological Association for authors. The APA style uses an author-date system of citation, in which brief citations within the text direct the reader to the corresponding entries in the reference list at the end of the paper. The entries in this list provide the full publication information for the sources used for the paper, allowing readers to trace these sources for their own use.

For more information, please see the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association which is available in the Library Reference collection.

You can also find more information, including examples of citations, in our library Help files.