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IEEE Style

The librarians at Dalhousie University have created a short IEEE Citation Style Guide.

The IEEE organization also describe their Standards for References.

You can also read an interesting statement found on the IEEE website, describing the importance Citing Prior Work - A Call for Excellence. They explain the problems that occur when people do not cite prior work:

  1. unfair to the researchers who made initial contributions to the field

  2. gives a distorted view of the topic to the reader who may be unfamiliar with the topic

  3. it demonstrates that the author is not aware of prior art in their area of research

In addition, they claim that, "We have found very little correlation between this lack of rigor and the absence of library facilities accessible locally. One of the benefits of the information age is the ready availability of technical material online. IEEE's online periodicals and research area (OPeRA) database is one of several such services available free to all IEEE members."

You Quote It, You Note It Tutorial

This tutorial, called You Quote It, You Note It! developed by the librarians at Acadia University, is helpful for making sure you understand what is/is not plagarism.

Online Writing Lab (OWL)

This is a great site for learning more about formatting citations. There are lots of examples of different kinds of citations, like ones for books and articles or webpages.

APA Style

Frequently Asked Questions about APA Style.

This guide shows several examples of different types of citations, including

Website material that has no author, year or page numbers.

Because there is no date and no author, your text citation would include the title (or short title) "n.d." for no date, and paragraph number (e.g., "Heuristic," n.d., para. 1). The entry in the reference list might look something like this:

Heuristic. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from https://www.m-w.com/dictionary/heuristic

For more traditional types of sources, the Writing Centre developed this APA guide with examples, which maybe helpful.